Ancient Bharatiya geographical and geological knowledge intertwined science and spirituality, viewing the subcontinent, or Jambūdvipa, as a sacred space. Texts like the Rāmāyaņa and Mahābhārata emphasized a reverence for nature, where each feature had a guardian deity. In the 6th century, Varāhamihira's Brhat Samhită categorized the region into four seismic zones and linked seismic activity to planetary alignments, demonstrating the celestial-terrestrial connection. The Arthaśāstra outlined mining and metallurgy, showcasing achievements like the rust-free Iron Pillar of Delhi. Ancient cosmology depicted the universe as a cosmic egg (Brahmānda), aligning with modern theories. Additionally, texts like Vṛkṣāyurveda and Krși-Parāśara promoted sustainable agriculture, reflecting a profound understanding of soil health and regional characteristics.