Cognitive sciences in ancient Bharat reveal a profound understanding of the mind and its processes, intricately woven into the spiritual and philosophical traditions of the time. Scholars and sages of the Vedic and Upaniṣadic periods explored complex topics such as consciousness, perception, and memory, documenting their insights in texts like the Rgveda, Brhadaranyaka Upanisad, and the Yoga Sutras. The mind (Manas) was perceived as a bridge between the physical and spiritual realms, where its mastery was essential for self-realization and liberation (Mokşa). Sänkhya philosophy introduced a dualistic view, categorizing existence into matter (Prakrti) and consciousness (Puruşa), while Yoga emphasized techniques like Dhyana and Pratyähära to transcend mental limitations. Memory, articulated as Smrti, played a vital role in ethical decision-making, and the Nyaya school's focus on logic highlighted memory as a source of valid knowledge. Ancient cognitive techniques, such as meditation and mindfulness, aimed to enhance cognitive abilities and emotional regulation, illustrated by Arjuna's transformation in the Mahabhārata. Concepts like Samskära suggested a nuanced understanding of mental conditioning, aligning with modern notions of neuroplasticity. Ultimately, the ancient Bharatiya cognitive sciences, grounded in spirituality and ethics, continue to inform and resonate with contemporary cognitive research, demonstrating the enduring wisdom of this rich cultural heritage.