Ancient Bharat was renowned for its advanced gemmology, known as Ratnaśāstra, which intertwined spiritual, cultural, and economic dimensions. Gems were viewed as embodiments of cosmic power, with references in texts like the Atharvaveda and Brhat Samhitā emphasizing their divine properties and astrological significance. The legendary Golconda mines produced exceptional diamonds, including the famous Koh-i-Noor, making Bharat a hub of global trade in precious stones. Ancient texts, such as the Arthaśāstra and Mānasollāsa, meticulously documented gem classification, cutting techniques, and medicinal uses, highlighting qualities like colour and clarity. Fascinating stories, such as that of the Śyamantaka gem and the Navaratna (nine gems) concept, illustrated gems' divine influence and protective qualities. The craftsmanship of Bharatiya artisans, particularly in cabochon cutting, set high standards for gem polishing and design, leaving an enduring legacy that continues to inspire modern gemmology and jewellery design.