Agriculture or kṛṣi-vijñāna, in Bharat has been a vital and sacred practice, deeply intertwined with religious, cultural, and social life. The Vedic texts, particularly the Rgveda, Atharvaveda and Yajurveda, document agricultural techniques like crop rotation, seasonal sowing and the importance of rainfall, while also highlighting rituals that celebrated the harvest and expressed gratitude to the divine. Ancient Bharatiya farmers implemented technological innovations such as the iron plough and kunapajala, a fermented organic fertilizer, to enhance crop yields and maintain ecological balance. Water management was equally advanced, with sophisticated irrigation systems, reservoirs, and dam constructions described in texts like the Śatapatha Brāhmaņa. Additionally, animal husbandry was integral to agriculture, with cattle providing vital resources like pañcagavya for plant protection and soil nourishment. These sustainable practices, combined with technological ingenuity, ensured the prosperity of ancient Bharat's agrarian society for centuries.